FAQ
What is the classification system used in the encounter summaries?
I use the expanded version of J. Allen Hynek's system for classifying UFO and entity encounters. Originally, Hynek proposed a threefold classification system which comprised Close Encounters of the first (CE1), second (CE2) and third (CE3) kinds. However, so many different types of experience fell into the broadly defined CE3 category (encounters with entities) that a further two tiers were later added to the system to distinguish between them.
- Close Encounters of the First Kind (CE1)
- An unknown craft sighted at close range.
- Close Encounters of the Second Kind (CE2)
- An unknown craft sighted at close range which physically affects the surrounding environment: ie, it affects car engines, causes a physical reaction in the witness, or leaves physical traces at the scene such as burnt vegetation.
- Close Encounters of the Third Kind (CE3)
- Sightings of entities at close range, which may include physical contact or communication.
- Close Encounters of the Fourth Kind (CE4)
- Abductions by entities.
- Close Encounters of the Fifth Kind (CE5)
- Witness-initiated contact with entities.
What is the classification system used to define entity types in the encounter summaries?
I use the system proposed by Alvin Lawson which divides entities into six basic types: Human, Humanoid, Animal, Robot, Exotic, and Apparitional. For an in-depth illustrated discussion of these types see Lawson's essay Alien Roots in The Mammoth Encyclopedia of Extraterrestrial Encounters (Ed: Story) pp 39-48.
To summarise briefly:
- Type#1: Human
- Physically similar to human beings. "Facial features, skin colour and hair are recognisably human. Body movement is normal, as are voice and manner, except for cases in which these beings are telepathic"
- Type#2: Humanoid
- Basically human in shape but with a "distinctly fetal or even embryonic" appearance, typically with "a short, frail stature, a disproportionately large head, pallid skin colour, underdeveloped facial features, and a hairless body". Usually have disproportionately large eyes and communicate telepathically.
- Type#3: Animal
- Typically exhibit mammalian or reptilian features, including "fur, claws, a tail, scales, pointed ears, enlarged teeth and non-human eyes with vertical pupils (sometimes glowing)". Often aggressive, and rarely communicative beyond unintelligible growls.
- Type#4: Robot
- Usually bipedal and often basically human in shape, but apparently made from "metallic or other non-organic materials" and characterised by their "stiff or otherwise unnatural manner". Often reported floating or flying. May communicate either vocally or telepathically. Often dressed in bulky padded suits and helmets: "Witnesses may have difficulty distinguishing robots from other creatures that would be perceived to move clumsily in bulky suits".
- Type#5: Exotic
- Exotics are "mutants or combinations of two or more other entity types". Often appear "grotesque or repulsive".
- Type#6: Apparitional
- Visionary or ghost-like entities which may "float, change form, materialise, or dematerialize". May communicate either vocally or telepathically.
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Yes, if I feel that it expands on the content or theme of any of the case summaries presented here.